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» 比尔-兰伯特定律

比尔-兰伯特定律

1852
  • Pierre Bouguer
  • Johann Heinrich Lambert
  • August Beer
在分析化学中使用紫外可见光谱对吸光度进行实验室分析。.

(图片仅供参考)

比尔-朗伯定律将光的衰减与光所经过的物质的特性联系起来。它指出,溶液的吸光度([latex]A[/latex])与吸收物种的浓度([latex]c[/latex])和光通过溶液的路径长度([latex]l[/latex])成正比。这种关系表示为 [latex]A = \epsilon c l[/latex],其中 [latex]\epsilon[/latex] 是摩尔吸收率。.

The Beer-Lambert law, also known as the Beer–Lambert–Bouguer law, is the cornerstone of quantitative absorption spectroscopy. It combines the findings of several scientists over more than a century. Pierre Bouguer (1729) and Johann Lambert (1760) established that the fraction of light absorbed is proportional to the thickness of the absorbing medium. August Beer (1852) then discovered that the absorbance is also proportional to the concentration of the absorbing substance in a solution. The law is typically written as [latex]A = \log_{10}(I_0/I) = \epsilon c l[/latex], where [latex]I_0[/latex] is the intensity of the incident light and [latex]I[/latex] is the intensity of the transmitted light. The molar absorptivity, [latex]\epsilon[/latex], is a constant that is characteristic of the absorbing substance at a specific wavelength. This means that for a given substance and path length, a plot of absorbance versus concentration will be a straight line, allowing for the creation of a calibration curve. By measuring the absorbance of an unknown sample, its concentration can be determined from this curve. The law holds true for monochromatic light and for dilute solutions where interactions between solute molecules are negligible. Deviations can occur at high concentrations due to chemical and instrumental effects.

UNESCO Nomenclature: 2501
分析化学

类型

物理法

中断

重大的

用法

广泛使用

前体

  • Pierre Bouguer 关于大气中光衰减的研究(1729 年)
  • Johann Heinrich Lambert’s publication “Photometria” formalizing the relationship between absorption and path length (1760)
  • 早期光度计和色度计的发展

应用程序

  • 利用紫外-可见光谱法进行定量化学分析
  • 测定溶液中溶质的浓度
  • 大气科学用来描述太阳辐射吸收
  • 饮料和制药行业的质量控制
  • 临床化学:测量血液样本中的成分

专利:

NA

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相关内容比尔-朗伯定律、吸光度、浓度、定量分析、分光光度法、摩尔吸收率、路径长度、透射率、分析化学、紫外可见光。.

历史背景

比尔-兰伯特定律

1650
1800
1852
1900
1912
1940
1940
1950
1800
1838
1872
1910
1940
1940
1946

(如果日期未知或不相关,例如“流体力学”,则提供其显著出现的近似估计)

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