动态的 压力动能,记为 q 或 Q,是单位体积流体的动能。其定义公式为 q = frac{1}{2} rho u^2[/latex],其中 ρ 为局部流体密度,u 为流体速度。该量在流体动力学中至关重要,用于量化流体运动产生的压力。

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动态的 压力动能,记为 q 或 Q,是单位体积流体的动能。其定义公式为 q = frac{1}{2} rho u^2[/latex],其中 ρ 为局部流体密度,u 为流体速度。该量在流体动力学中至关重要,用于量化流体运动产生的压力。
The concept of dynamic pressure originates from the 能量守恒 for a moving fluid. It represents the portion of the fluid’s total energy associated with its bulk motion. The formula [latex]q = \frac{1}{2} \rho u^2[/latex] can be derived by considering the kinetic energy ([latex]E_k = \frac{1}{2} m u^2[/latex]) of a small parcel of fluid with mass [latex]m[/latex] and volume [latex]V[/latex]. Since density [latex]\rho[/latex] is mass per unit volume ([latex]\rho = m/V[/latex]), the kinetic energy per unit volume is [latex]E_k/V = (\frac{1}{2} m u^2)/V = \frac{1}{2} (m/V) u^2 = \frac{1}{2} \rho u^2[/latex]. This result shows that dynamic pressure is not a pressure in the conventional sense of a normal force per unit area exerted by molecular collisions (which is static pressure). Instead, it is a scalar quantity with units of pressure (Pascals in SI units) that conveniently represents the kinetic energy density of the flow. This distinction is crucial; dynamic pressure cannot be measured directly by a standard pressure gauge oriented parallel to the flow. It can only be measured by bringing the fluid to a stop isentropically, converting its kinetic energy into a measurable pressure increase.
从历史上看,丹尼尔·伯努利在其1738年的著作《流体动力学》中奠定了基础。虽然他提出了流体能量守恒的基本原理,但“动压”作为一个独立术语的明确分离和命名,是在19世纪末20世纪初现代流体动力学和空气动力学发展过程中才逐渐普及的。动压的用途在于简化复杂的流体动力学方程。例如,在许多空气动力学计算中,力通过动压进行无量纲化,这使得我们可以比较不同尺寸物体在不同速度和不同流体中的空气动力学性能,只要其他参数(例如……)保持不变。 雷诺数 两者匹配。这使其成为风洞试验和计算流体动力学 (CFD) 的一个关键量。
动态压力
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