（图片仅供参考）
A primary method of fire extinguishment involves removing the ‘heat’ component of the 火三角. This is most commonly achieved by applying a substance that absorbs a large amount of heat, such as water (despite water also have other effects in the fire triangle -refer to dedicated post-). Water’s high specific heat and 潜热 of vaporization make it highly effective at cooling a fire below its self-sustaining temperature.
Extinguishment by cooling is a fundamental firefighting tactic that directly targets the ‘heat’ side of the 火三角. The goal is to reduce the temperature of the burning material to a point where it no longer produces sufficient flammable vapor to sustain combustion. This point is known as the fire point. Water is the most common cooling agent due to its unique thermal properties. It has a high specific heat capacity, meaning it can absorb a significant amount of thermal energy before its own temperature rises substantially. More importantly, it has a very high latent heat of vaporization. When liquid water turns into steam at 100°C, it absorbs a massive amount of energy from the fire without any change in temperature. This phase change is extremely efficient at drawing heat away from the fuel. The resulting steam also helps to displace oxygen, contributing to extinguishment by smothering. However, using water is not always appropriate. It can be ineffective or dangerous on grease fires (it can spread the burning grease) and electrical fires (due to conductivity), and it can react violently with certain metal fires.
冷却灭火
（如果日期未知或不相关，例如“流体力学”，则提供其显著出现的近似估计）
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