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Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis Biogênicos (COVBs)

1980
Laboratory analysis of biogenic volatile organic compounds in atmospheric chemistry.

(Imagem gerada apenas para fins ilustrativos)

Os Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis Biogênicos (COVBs) são compostos orgânicos voláteis (COVs) produzidos e emitidos por organismos vivos, predominantemente plantas. O isopreno (C₅H₈) e os terpenos são os COVBs mais abundantes. Embora naturais, suas emissões são vastas, superando as emissões antropogênicas de COVs em escala global. Eles desempenham papéis cruciais na defesa e sinalização das plantas, além de serem importantes precursores do ozônio atmosférico e de aerossóis orgânicos secundários, influenciando a qualidade do ar e o clima.

Biogenic VOCs represent a massive flux of carbon from the biosphere to the atmosphere, estimated to be around 1 billion metric tons per year. Isoprene is the single most emitted non-methane organic compound, primarily from deciduous trees. Monoterpenes ([latex]C_{10}H_{16}[/latex]), such as alpha-pinene and limonene, are characteristic emissions from coniferous trees. Plants produce these compounds for various ecological reasons, including deterring herbivores, attracting pollinators, protecting against thermal stress, and communicating with other plants.

Once in the atmosphere, BVOCs are highly reactive. Their oxidation, primarily by the hydroxyl radical ([latex]bullet OH[/latex]), ozone ([latex]O_3[/latex]), and the nitrate radical ([latex]NO_3bullet[/latex]), is a central process in atmospheric chemistry. This oxidation contributes significantly to the formation of secondary pollutants. In polluted, high-NOx environments, BVOC oxidation can exacerbate ozone smog formation. In cleaner environments, it leads to the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs), which are tiny airborne particles that can affect cloud formation, the Earth’s radiation balance, and human health. The interplay between natural BVOC emissions and anthropogenic pollutants is a key area of research in understanding regional air quality and global climate.

UNESCO Nomenclature: 2501
Ciências atmosféricas

Tipo

Processo Ambiental

Interrupção

Substancial

Uso

Uso generalizado

Precursores

  • discovery and characterization of isoprene and terpenes
  • development of gas chromatography for analyzing complex organic mixtures
  • understanding of plant physiology and metabolism
  • early observations of ‘blue haze’ over forested areas

Aplicações

  • atmospheric chemistry models
  • mudanças climáticas research
  • development of natural pesticides and fragrances
  • air quality forecasting
  • understanding of plant-herbivore interactions

Patentes:

NA

Ideias de Inovação Potencial

  • genetically engineering crops to emit specific bvocs for natural pest control
  • using satellite monitoring of bvoc emissions to predict forest fire risk
  • developing biosensors that use plant electrical signals to detect air pollutants
  • creating sustainable aviation fuels derived from terpene-producing algae
  • formulating hypoallergenic fragrances based on controlled bvoc pathways
  • deploying drone swarms to map bvoc hotspots and their impact on local weather
  • engineering bvoc-metabolizing bacteria for air purification systems
  • creating ‘smart forests’ that can be managed to optimize bvoc emissions for regional cooling
  • developing catalisadores that convert bvocs into valuable industrial chemicals
  • using bvoc profiles as a diagnostic tool for plant health and agricultural stress
Related to: BVOC, biogenic, isoprene, terpenes, atmospheric chemistry, plant emissions, secondary organic aerosol, air quality, biosphere-atmosphere interaction, climate.

Contexto histórico

Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis Biogênicos (COVBs)

1970
1975
1980
1980
1982
1990
1990
1970
1970
1978
1980
1980
1982
1990
1990

(Caso a data seja desconhecida ou irrelevante, por exemplo, "mecânica dos fluidos", é fornecida uma estimativa aproximada de seu surgimento notável)

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