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기본적인 경제 사실 중 하나는 기업 간 거래의 총 금액이 (B2B) transactions significantly surpasses that of business-to-consumer (B2C) transactions. This is because a single finished consumer product often involves a long supply chain with multiple B2B transactions—from raw materials to manufacturing components to wholesale distribution—before the final B2C sale occurs.
The greater volume of B2B commerce compared to B2C is a direct consequence of the complexity of modern production. Consider the manufacturing of a smartphone. The final sale to a consumer is a single B2C transaction. However, leading up to that sale, numerous B2B transactions took place. The phone manufacturer bought processors from one company, screens from another, and batteries from a third. Each of those component suppliers, in turn, bought raw materials, manufacturing equipment, and software from their own set of suppliers. This cascading effect, known as the supply chain, multiplies the number and value of transactions at each stage of production. Economists and policymakers track B2B activity closely as it serves as a leading indicator of economic health. A slowdown in B2B sales, particularly in sectors like manufacturing and construction, often precedes a downturn in the broader economy and consumer spending. This principle underscores why industries like logistics, corporate banking, and enterprise software are so massive, despite being largely invisible to the average consumer.
B2B와 B2C 상거래의 경제적 규모 비교
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