Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), sometimes named Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), a material extrusion technique, builds objects by selectively depositing molten material in a pre-determined path layer-by-layer. A thermoplastique filament is unwound from a coil and fed through a heated extruder nozzle. The nozzle melts the filament and deposits it onto a build platform, where it cools and solidifies, fusing with the layer below.
Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)
1989
- S. Scott Crump
In an FDM printer, the motion of the extruder head and/or the build platform is controlled by a computer that interprets a sliced 3D model (G-code). The head moves in the X and Y axes, while the platform typically moves in the Z axis after each layer is complete. The process relies on precise thermal management: the ‘hot end’ of the extruder must keep the plastic at a temperature that allows it to flow but not degrade, while the deposited material must cool quickly enough to hold its shape. Layer adhesion is critical for part strength and is highly dependent on temperature, speed, and material properties. FDM parts are not fully dense; their internal structure is often a pre-defined infill pattern (e.g., grid, honeycomb) to save material and print time while providing structural support. Common materials include polylactic acid (PLA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), and various engineering-grade polymers. The expiration of the original FDM brevet in 2009 was a catalyst for the open-source RepRap project and the subsequent explosion of affordable, consumer-grade 3D printers, making the technology widely accessible.
UNESCO Nomenclature: 3313
- Technologie industrielle
Type
Manufacturing Process
Perturbation
Important
Utilisation
Une utilisation répandue
Précurseurs
- extrusion technology used in plastiques fabrication
- hot-melt glue guns, which demonstrate a similar principle of heating and extruding a thermoplastic
- computer numerical control (cnc) plotters and milling machines
- development of a wide range of thermoplastic polymers
- computer-aided design (cad) software
Applications
- hobbyist and consumer 3D printing
- educational models for schools and universities
- functional prototypes for form, fit, and function testing
- manufacturing aids like jigs, fixtures, and gauges
- end-use parts for low-volume production
- architectural models
Brevets :
- US 5121329 A
Innovations potentielles Idées
Related to: fused deposition modeling, fdm, fused filament fabrication, fff, material extrusion, thermoplastic, filament, 3d printing, stratasys, reprap.
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Intégration électronique métal-plastique, Conception à coût réduit, BPF, Ergonomie, Appareils et consommables de volume moyen à élevé, Production allégée, Secteurs réglementés, CE et FDA, CAO, Solidworks, Lean Sigma Black Belt, ISO 13485 médical
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