基于两个基本公理的系统化设计方法:独立公理(保持功能需求的独立性)和信息公理(尽量减少信息内容/复杂性)。
- 方法: 工程, 产品设计, 项目管理
公理设计

公理设计
- 增材制造设计(DfAM), 面向制造设计 (DfM), 六西格玛设计(DfSS), 优化设计, 设计原则, 设计过程, 精益制造, 质量功能展开(QFD), 系統建模語言(SysML)
目标
如何使用
- 设计人员将设计分解为功能要求 (FR)、设计参数 (DP) 和过程变量 (PV),目的是创建一种设计,在这种设计中,每个 FR 都可以通过一个唯一的 DP 进行调整,而不会影响其他 FR,并且设计尽可能简单。
优点
- 提供结构化和逻辑化的设计方法;力求设计稳健、不太复杂;有助于及早发现和解决设计冲突。
缺点
- 在概念上,正确应用可能具有挑战性;如果不考虑其他因素而过于激进地减少信息内容,可能会导致设计过于简单化;需要深入了解所设计的系统。
类别
- 工程, 产品设计
最适合:
- 通过确保功能需求的独立性和信息内容的最小化,创建稳健高效的设计。
Axiomatic Design methodology is widely applied in various fields including automotive, aerospace, consumer electronics, and 医疗器械 design, where maintaining high standards of performance and reliability is crucial. Engineers and product designers utilize this framework during the conceptual and detailed design phases of development projects, ensuring that each functional requirement aligns distinctly with a design parameter, which aids in minimizing unnecessary dependencies and potential conflicts. For instance, in the automotive industry, this approach can be used to design safety features where each requirement, such as crashworthiness or airbag deployment, is addressed without compromising other components of the vehicle system. Participants in this process often include cross-functional teams consisting of design engineers, manufacturing engineers, quality assurance experts, and customer representatives who contribute to defining the functional requirements based on user needs and regulatory standards. The structured nature of Axiomatic Design allows teams to systematically explore alternatives, facilitating a clear decision-making process that enhances communication and collaboration. The methodology also emphasizes the importance of simplicity in design, as less complexity not only reduces costs but also streamlines manufacturing processes and enhances user experience, leading to higher customer satisfaction. The iterative aspect of evaluating and refining design parameters against functional requirements encourages continuous improvement, making it a valuable tool for organizations looking to innovate while maintaining efficiency and robustness in their product offerings.
该方法的关键步骤
- Identify functional requirements (FRs) based on customer needs and market demands.
- Decompose each FR into design parameters (DPs) that will achieve the required functionality.
- Establish relationships between FRs and DPs to ensure each FR is satisfied independently by a unique DP.
- Assess the information content of the design to minimize complexity and improve robustness.
- Iteratively refine the design through simulations and prototyping to validate relationships and effectiveness.
- Optimize design parameters and confirm that they meet performance criteria while maintaining independence of FRs.
- Document the design process and outcomes for future reference and improvements.
专业提示
- Leverage simulation tools to predict design behavior under varying parameters, facilitating early identification of potential conflicts.
- Apply robust design techniques to optimize DPs for resilience against variations in manufacturing and operational conditions.
- Document the rationale behind FRs and DPs decisions thoroughly to maintain clarity and facilitate future redesign iterations.
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