» 范德华状态方程

范德华状态方程

1873
  • Johannes Diderik van der Waals
19 世纪实验室中的范德华方程和科学仪器。.

(生成的图像仅供参考)

An equation of state for a fluid that modifies the 理想气体定律 to approximate the behavior of real gases. It introduces two parameters: ‘a’ to account for long-range intermolecular attractive forces (Van der Waals forces) and ‘b’ for the finite volume occupied by the gas molecules. The equation is [latex](P + \frac{an^2}{V^2})(V – nb) = nRT[/latex].

The Van der Waals equation of state was a groundbreaking development in thermodynamics, providing the first realistic description of real gases and their condensation into liquids. It starts with the ideal 气体法, [乳胶]PV = nRT[/latex], and applies two crucial corrections. The first correction addresses the volume. In an ideal gas, particles are treated as points with no volume. The Van der Waals equation subtracts a term ‘nb’ from the container volume [latex]V[/latex], where ‘b’ is the volume excluded by a mole of particles. This term, [latex](V – nb)[/latex], represents the actual free volume available for the molecules to move in.

The second, more significant correction accounts for intermolecular attractive forces. These forces reduce the pressure exerted by the gas on the container walls because molecules near the wall are pulled inwards by their neighbors. This reduction in pressure is proportional to the square of the particle density ([latex]n/V[/latex]), leading to the correction term [latex]a(n/V)^2[/latex] which is added to the measured pressure [latex]P[/latex]. The parameter ‘a’ is a measure of the average attraction between particles. By incorporating these two parameters, the equation can successfully model the liquid-gas phase transition and predict the existence of a critical point, above which no distinct liquid and gas phases exist. It was for this work that van der Waals received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1910.

UNESCO Nomenclature: 2212
- 热力学

类型

数学模型

中断

基础

使用方法

广泛使用

前体

  • Ideal Gas Law (Boyle’s Law, Charles’s Law, Avogadro’s Law)
  • Kinetic Theory of Gases developed by Clausius and 麦克斯韦
  • 分子间力和有限原子尺寸的早期概念

应用

  • 真实气体的建模及其与理想行为的偏差
  • 液气相变和临界点的预测
  • 热力学 property calculations in chemical engineering
  • 更复杂状态方程的基础模型

专利:

NA

潜在的创新想法

级别需要会员

您必须是!!等级!!会员才能访问此内容。

立即加入

已经是会员? 在此登录
Related to: Van der Waals equation, real gas, equation of state, intermolecular forces, molecular volume, critical point, thermodynamics, phase transition, pressure, volume.

发表回复

您的邮箱地址不会被公开。 必填项已用 * 标注

迎接新挑战
机械工程师、项目、工艺工程师或研发经理
有效的产品开发

可在短时间内接受新的挑战。
通过 LinkedIn 联系我
塑料金属电子集成、成本设计、GMP、人体工程学、中高容量设备和耗材、精益制造、受监管行业、CE 和 FDA、CAD、Solidworks、精益西格玛黑带、医疗 ISO 13485

我们正在寻找新的赞助商

 

您的公司或机构从事技术、科学或研究吗?
> 给我们发送消息 <

接收所有新文章
免费,无垃圾邮件,电子邮件不分发也不转售

或者您可以免费获得完整会员资格以访问所有受限制的内容>这里<

历史背景

范德华状态方程

1865
1868
1870
1873
1877
1880
1882-01-01
1861
1865
1869
1871
1876
1877
1880
1882-01-01

(如果日期未知或不相关,例如“流体力学”,则提供其显著出现的近似估计)

相关发明、创新和技术原理

滚动至顶部

你可能还喜欢