在稀二元溶液中,溶剂(主要成分)近似遵循以下规律: 拉乌尔定律而溶质(次要成分)则遵循亨利定律。亨利定律指出溶质的部分 压力 与溶质的摩尔分数成正比([latex]P_{溶质} = K_H x_{溶质}[/latex]),其中[latex]K_H[/latex]是亨利定律常数。拉乌尔定律是[latex]K_H = P_{溶剂}^*[/latex]的极限情况。

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在稀二元溶液中,溶剂(主要成分)近似遵循以下规律: 拉乌尔定律而溶质(次要成分)则遵循亨利定律。亨利定律指出溶质的部分 压力 与溶质的摩尔分数成正比([latex]P_{溶质} = K_H x_{溶质}[/latex]),其中[latex]K_H[/latex]是亨利定律常数。拉乌尔定律是[latex]K_H = P_{溶剂}^*[/latex]的极限情况。
This relationship provides a more complete thermodynamic description of real, dilute solutions. Raoult’s law works well for the solvent because its molecules are predominantly surrounded by other solvent molecules, an environment similar to the pure liquid. The mole fraction [latex]x_{solvent}[/latex] is close to 1, and its behavior is nearly ideal. Its chemical environment is essentially unchanged from its pure state.
Conversely, the solute molecules are scarce and are entirely surrounded by solvent molecules. This environment is very different from that of the pure solute. Therefore, its tendency to escape into the vapor phase is not proportional to its pure vapor pressure but to an empirical constant, [latex]K_H[/latex], which reflects the specific solute-solvent interactions. Henry’s law captures this behavior. The Gibbs-Duhem equation mathematically proves that if one component in a binary mixture obeys Raoult’s law over a certain concentration range, the other component must obey Henry’s law in the same range. The two laws thus describe the limiting behaviors at the two extremes of the concentration range for any binary mixture.
稀溶液的拉乌尔定律和亨利定律
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