在量子领域 力学, momentum is an observable represented by a vector operator. In the position basis, the momentum operator is given by [latex]\hat{\vec{p}} = -i\hbar\nabla[/latex], where [latex]\hbar[/latex] is the reduced 普朗克常数 and [latex]\nabla[/latex] is the gradient operator. The 动量守恒 相当于 汉密尔顿 对于具有平移对称性的系统,算符与动量算符对易,[latex][hat{H}, hat{vec{p}}] = 0[/latex]。





