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西部电气规则(控制图中的统计检验)

1956
  • Western Electric Company
Quality control analyst monitoring Shewhart control chart for non-random patterns.

(图片仅供参考)

创新世界 Shewhart control charts, indicating an out-of-control process even if no points are outside the 3-sigma limits. These rules identify unnatural runs, trends, or clustering of data points that signal the presence of a special cause of variation. They increase the sensitivity of control charts.

控制图上特殊原因的最基本信号是单个数据点落入控制限的上下限之外。然而,即使所有数据点都位于3σ范围内,过程也可能失控。1956年出版的一本手册中详细阐述的西电规则,通过识别非随机模式,提供了一种更灵敏的方法来检测这种情况。这些规则基于将控制限之间的区域划分为若干区域:A区为距中心线2σ到3σ之间的区域,B区为距中心线1σ到2σ之间的区域,C区为距中心线1σ以内的区域。

The four primary rules are: 1. Any single data point falls outside the 3-sigma limits. 2. Two out of three consecutive points fall in Zone A or beyond, on the same side of the center line. 3. Four out of five consecutive points fall in Zone B or beyond, on the same side of the center line. 4. Nine (or sometimes eight) consecutive points fall on the same side of the center line. A violation of any of these rules suggests that the process has shifted or is exhibiting a trend, and that a special cause is likely at play. While these rules increase the chart’s sensitivity, they also slightly increase the rate of false alarms. They are a powerful diagnostic tool used to trigger an investigation into the process before major defects occur.

UNESCO Nomenclature: 1209
– Statistics

类型

Software/Algorithm

中断

重大的

用法

广泛使用

前体

  • shewhart control 图表
  • 概率论
  • 统计运行检验
  • 在西部电气公司拥有过程监控方面的工业经验

应用程序

  • 生产质量控制
  • 软件性能测试
  • 网络流量监控
  • 医疗保健过程监控
  • 金融交易分析

专利:

NA

潜在创新理念

  • 制造执行系统(MES)中的自动化警报系统
  • 机器学习算法能够学习自定义的、特定于流程的检测规则
  • 预测分析技术能够预测违规行为的发生。
  • 交互式数据可视化工具,可在图表上突出显示违规行为
  • anomaly detection in 网络安全 using principles from western electric rules
  • 监测在线学习平台中的学生参与模式
  • 检测云计算基础设施中的细微性能下降
  • 识别社交媒体或金融市场中的协同操纵行为
  • 基于传感器数据模式的设备故障预警系统
  • wearable device algorithms for detecting early signs of health issues from biometric trends
Related to: Western Electric Rules, Nelson rules, control chart rules, process shift, trend detection, non-random patterns, 统计过程控制, quality control, zone rules, out-of-control.

历史背景

西部电气规则(控制图中的统计检验)

1950
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1956
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1943
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1950
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1960
1967
1970

(如果日期未知或不相关,例如“流体力学”,则提供其显著出现的近似估计)

第十年 周年纪念日

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