热解生物炭封存

热解是在高温（通常为300-700°C）下，在无氧条件下对有机物进行热分解的过程。与燃烧不同，燃烧会将大部分碳以二氧化碳的形式释放出来，而热解会将生物质中的碳转化为高度稳定的芳香族结构。这种难以分解的碳是生物炭的主要成分。该过程还能产生有价值的副产品：可用于发电的合成气（氢气、一氧化碳和甲烷的混合物）以及液体燃料——生物油。

The stability of biochar in soil is its key feature for carbon sequestration. While the original biomass would decompose and release its carbon back to the atmosphere within years or decades, the carbon in biochar can remain sequestered for centuries to millennia. The concept gained significant scientific interest from studies of ‘terra preta do índio’ (Amazonian dark earths), ancient, highly fertile soils in the Amazon Basin created by indigenous peoples through the addition of charcoal and other organic waste.

除了封存之外，生物炭还具有许多农业效益。 气候变化 其多孔结构改善了土壤的通气性和持水能力，使作物更能抵御干旱。