硝酸铵/燃油炸药(ANFO)是一种广泛使用的散装工业炸药。它由多孔的硝酸铵颗粒(作为氧化剂)和燃油(通常为柴油,作为燃料)简单混合而成。由于其相对不敏感,需要增爆药才能引爆,因此被归类为爆破剂。其低成本使其在采矿和建筑行业占据主导地位。

(图片仅供参考)
硝酸铵/燃油炸药(ANFO)是一种广泛使用的散装工业炸药。它由多孔的硝酸铵颗粒(作为氧化剂)和燃油(通常为柴油,作为燃料)简单混合而成。由于其相对不敏感,需要增爆药才能引爆,因此被归类为爆破剂。其低成本使其在采矿和建筑行业占据主导地位。
ANFO’s significance lies in its combination of low cost, safety, and effectiveness, which revolutionized the commercial explosives industry. The mixture typically consists of 94% ammonium nitrate and 6% fuel oil by weight. This ratio is close to the stoichiometric oxygen balance for the reaction, maximizing the energy output. The ammonium nitrate used is in the form of small, porous spheres called prills, which readily absorb the fuel oil, ensuring an intimate mix of oxidizer and fuel. This intimacy is crucial for detonation performance. Because ANFO is a blasting agent rather than a high explosive, it is very insensitive to shock, friction, and heat. It cannot be reliably detonated by a standard blasting cap and requires a high-explosive ‘booster’ (like a cast pentolite or TNT charge) to initiate a stable detonation.
ANFO 的主要缺点之一是耐水性差;硝酸铵极易溶于水,水的存在会使混合物脱敏并降低其效果。为了解决这个问题,人们开发了乳化液、水凝胶和重质 ANFO 混合物等防水变体。ANFO 的性能,特别是其引爆速度(VoD),在很大程度上取决于其封闭性和装药直径。在非封闭或小直径钻孔中,其性能较差,但在露天采矿中典型的封闭良好的大型钻孔中,其性能优异,成本效益高。其相对较低的 VoD(2,500-4,500 米/秒)可产生强烈的翻腾效果,非常适合破碎和移动大量岩石。.
硝铵炸药
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