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吉布斯现象

1899
  • Henry Wilbraham
  • J. Willard Gibbs
信号处理实验室分析傅里叶级数在不连续点的行为。

(图片仅供参考)

The Gibbs phenomenon describes the behavior of a 傅里叶级数 at a jump discontinuity. The partial sums of the series exhibit an overshoot near the jump, which does not disappear as more terms are added. This overshoot converges to a constant value of about 9% of the jump height, regardless of the number of terms in the series.

When a function with a jump discontinuity, like a square wave, is approximated by its 傅里叶级数, the approximation is not perfect at the discontinuity. As more terms are added to the series (i.e., as the approximation includes higher frequencies), the approximation gets better everywhere except in the immediate vicinity of the jump. Near the jump, the partial sum overshoots the function’s value. The width of this overshoot region shrinks as more terms are added, but the height of the overshoot remains constant.

This overshoot is not a sign of non-convergence. The series does converge pointwise, and at the discontinuity itself, it converges to the midpoint of the jump as predicted by Dirichlet’s theorem. However, the convergence is not uniform. The maximum overshoot, related to the Wilbraham-Gibbs constant, is approximately [latex]frac{1}{pi} int_0^pi frac{sin t}{t} dt – frac{1}{2} approx 0.08949…[/latex] times the jump size. This phenomenon is a fundamental property of series approximations of discontinuous functions and is important in signal and image processing, where it can manifest as ‘ringing’ artifacts near sharp edges.

UNESCO Nomenclature: 1201
– 代数

类型

抽象系统

中断

重大的

用法

广泛使用

前体

  • 傅立叶 series representation of discontinuous functions
  • Dirichlet’s convergence theorem
  • 部分和与级数收敛的概念
  • study of the Sinc function [latex]\frac{\sin(x)}{x}[/latex]

应用程序

专利:

NA

潜在创新理念

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  • 利用 sigma 近似技术平滑吉布斯超调量
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  • 设计具有更好瞬态响应的低通滤波器
  • 基于小波的压缩方法比基于傅里叶的方法更能有效地处理不连续性。
  • 求解双曲型偏微分方程的数值格式,能够处理无虚假振荡的激波
  • 图像处理中的总变分去噪
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  • 用于防止压缩音频中出现回声前伪影的音频处理技术
Related to: Gibbs phenomenon, Fourier series, jump discontinuity, overshoot, ringing artifact, signal processing, convergence, partial sums, Wilbraham-Gibbs constant, uniform convergence.

历史背景

吉布斯现象

1854
1854
1895
1899
1900
1911
1920
1850
1854
1884
1896
1900
1903
1914
1922

(如果日期未知或不相关,例如“流体力学”,则提供其显著出现的近似估计)

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