丰田生产方式（TPS）：制造指南

Did you know that a Toyota car has over 30,000 parts? The 丰田生产方式 (TPS) makes sure each one fits perfectly. It’s all about not wasting anything and keeping things on time. This TPS set decades ago the standard in 精益生产 because of its efficiency.

TPS is more than just some tools. It’s a deep-rooted philosophy for Toyota’s manufacturing, covering everything from cars to services. It started with Sakichi Toyoda’s automatic loom. Then, Kiichiro Toyoda and Taiichi Ohno added their ideas. The two main ideas are Just-in-Time 和 Jidoka. They help make sure parts are ready when needed and flaws are fixed right away.

By combining Just-in-Time 和 Jidoka, Toyota became a leader in the car industry. Now, companies around the world use TPS to get better every day. They call this kaizen, which means “improvement” in Japanese.

关键要点

• "(《世界人权宣言》) 丰田生产方式 (TPS) ensures meticulous coordination of the 30,000 parts of a car, emphasizing zero waste.
• TPS is built on two main pillars: Just-in-Time 和 Jidoka, focusing on synchronized production and defect management.
• The roots of TPS emerge from Sakichi Toyoda’s automatic loom and are refined by key figures like Kiichiro Toyoda and Taiichi Ohno.
• Businesses globally integrate TPS principles for enhanced efficiency and quality, showcasing the system’s universal effectiveness.
• Continuous improvement, or kaizen, plays a pivotal role in the success and ongoing relevance of TPS.
• TPS emphasizes respect for workers, eliminating waste, and optimizing both machine and human capabilities.

笔记： this article focus on the TPS specifically. Several other Lean methodology articles can be found on innovation.world :

Introduction to the Toyota Production System

"(《世界人权宣言》) 丰田生产方式 (TPS) was created by Taiichi Ohno and Eiji Toyoda from 1948 to 1975. It changed how products are made by focusing on being efficient, cutting waste, and making items just in time. Learning about TPS’s development and goals shows why it’s still a model in manufacturing today.

History of TPS

Sakichi Toyoda first made the automatic loom, which saved a lot of material. His idea 引领 to just-in-time manufacturing, starting the TPS. Toyota outlined TPS in a 1992 booklet, updated in 1998. It aims to remove stress, inconsistency, and waste.

It tackles eight waste types, including too much production, delay, transport issues, overstock, defects, and not using workers well.

Core Objectives

The Toyota Production System’s main goals are to cut waste, better manufacturing, and use human skills fully. These are met through Just-in-Time (JIT) and Jidoka principles. They make sure production matches need, using a human approach to automation.

TPS promotes ongoing betterment, dubbed 改善, and values people. This respect for staff and partners has not only boosted Toyota’s efficiency. It’s also set a bar for other sectors.

The Core Principles of TPS

The Toyota Production System (TPS) is known for its innovative approach to making things efficiently. It focuses on doing things better, making top-quality products, and always improving. We’ll look into TPS’s key ideas: Just-in-Time and Jidoka.

Just-in-Time

Just-in-Time (JIT) is crucial to TPS. It’s about matching production closely with what customers actually want, which cuts costs and waste. By making products only as needed, JIT makes sure things run smoothly and efficiently.

One big win with JIT is reducing the time to set up machines. Toyota managed to shorten this time from months to just hours or minutes. This quick change helps make different products without wasting time or resources.

• Reduces overproduction and excess inventory
• Enhances resource utilization
• Facilitates flexible manufacturing

Jidoka

Jidoka means “automation with a human touch.” It’s all about keeping quality high by letting workers stop production if there’s a problem. This way, quality checks are part of the manufacturing steps, and no bad products move forward.

Jidoka encourages everyone to spot and fix errors right away. It builds a team where everyone cares and learns continuously. Plus, it helps Toyota get rid of waste by solving issues immediately.

• Enhances product quality
• Empowers workers
• Eliminates waste through immediate problem-solving

Just-in-Time and Jidoka are the core of TPS, leading to better and more efficient ways of making things. These ideas help Toyota not just work smarter but also encourage everyone to aim for quality and responsibility.

Implementation of Lean Manufacturing in TPS

The Toyota Production System (TPS) is a leading example of 精益生产. It relies on Just-in-Time (JIT) production and the autonomation principle, Jidoka. TPS focuses on 改善, or continuous improvement. This approach values small changes that lead to major improvements over time.

Continuous Improvement (Kaizen)

Kaizen is central to TPS and its goal of constant improvement. It creates a culture where everyone suggests small changes. These changes may seem small, but they lead to big improvements in efficiency and quality. Kaizen also focuses on cutting waste, making sure all resources are used well.

Waste Reduction Techniques

Reducing waste is key to 精益生产 in TPS. The goal is to find and eliminate waste, or 穆达. Analyzing processes helps find and fix inefficiencies like too much inventory, unnecessary steps, and mistakes. The 5S method—Seiri (sorting) and Seiton (organizing)—helps keep spaces clean and efficient, which reduces waste.

Kanban as a Production Control System

看板 is a visual system that TPS uses to improve and control production. It uses cards to make sure production matches demand. This avoids overproduction, delays, and too much inventory. 看板 helps work move smoothly through different stages, making production efficient and balanced.

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