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» 冷却による消火

冷却による消火

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管理された環境でホースを使って消火する消防士。.

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A primary 方法 of fire extinguishment involves removing the ‘heat’ component of the 火の三角地帯. This is most commonly achieved by applying a substance that absorbs a large amount of heat, such as water (despite water also have other effects in the fire triangle -refer to dedicated post-). Water’s high specific heat and 潜熱 of vaporization make it highly effective at cooling a fire below its self-sustaining temperature.

Extinguishment by cooling is a fundamental firefighting tactic that directly targets the ‘heat’ side of the fire triangle. The goal is to reduce the temperature of the burning material to a point where it no longer produces sufficient flammable vapor to sustain combustion. This point is known as the fire point. Water is the most common cooling agent due to its unique thermal properties. It has a high specific heat capacity, meaning it can absorb a significant amount of thermal energy before its own temperature rises substantially. More importantly, it has a very high latent heat of vaporization. When liquid water turns into steam at 100°C, it absorbs a massive amount of energy from the fire without any change in temperature. This phase change is extremely efficient at drawing heat away from the fuel. The resulting steam also helps to displace oxygen, contributing to extinguishment by smothering. However, using water is not always appropriate. It can be ineffective or dangerous on grease fires (it can spread the burning grease) and electrical fires (due to conductivity), and it can react violently with certain metal fires.

UNESCO Nomenclature: 3305
化学工学

タイプ

物理的プロセス

混乱

増分

使用法

広く普及している

前駆物質

  • observation of water’s effect on fire
  • 熱と温度の理解
  • development of thermodynamics, specifically concepts of specific heat and latent heat
  • invention of pumps and hoses for water delivery

アプリケーション

  • fire hydrants and hoses
  • sprinkler systems in buildings
  • water-dropping aircraft for wildfires
  • personal water fire extinguishers
  • steam inerting systems

特許:

NA

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Related to: cooling, extinguishment, water, heat of vaporization, specific heat, fire suppression, sprinkler system, firefighting, heat removal, fire triangle.

歴史的背景

冷却による消火

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1700
1761
1807-01-01
1850
1850
1850
-250
-500
1750
1788
1834
1850
1850
1850

(日付が不明または関連性がない場合、例えば「流体力学」などでは、その注目すべき出現時期の概算値が提示されます。)

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