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La corrosione galvanica è un processo elettrochimico in cui un metallo si corrode preferenzialmente quando è in contatto elettrico con un altro in presenza di un elettrolita. Ciò avviene perché i metalli dissimili creano una coppia bimetallica, con il metallo meno nobile (più attivo) che funge da anodo e si corrode, mentre il metallo più nobile funge da catodo.
Una filosofia di progettazione e un processo iterativo in cui le esigenze, i desideri e i limiti degli utenti finali ricevono ampia attenzione in ogni fase del processo di progettazione. L'UCD mira a creare prodotti altamente usabili e accessibili coinvolgendo gli utenti durante tutto il ciclo di progettazione attraverso ricerca, test e feedback, anziché basarsi esclusivamente sulle ipotesi del progettista.
Cradle-to-Cradle (C2C) is a design philosophy that models human industry on nature’s processes. It views materials as “nutrients” circulating in closed-loop systems. The framework distinguishes between two cycles: the biological cycle, for biodegradable materials that can safely return to the soil, and the technical cycle, for materials that are continuously reused or upcycled in industrial…
A foundational model in marketing, the 4Ps framework classifies the key elements a business uses to promote its brand or product. It consists of Product (the item or service), Price (the cost to the consumer), Place (where it’s sold), and Promotion (the advertising and sales activities). These four variables are controlled by the company to…
Bézout’s theorem is a fundamental statement in intersection theory. It asserts that the number of intersection points of two plane algebraic curves of degrees m[/latex] and n[/latex] is exactly mn[/latex], provided that one works in a projective plane over an algebraically closed field, counts points with multiplicity, and includes points at infinity where parallel asymptotes…
The fundamental building block of modern digital electronics is the transistor, specifically the MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor). It operates as an electronically controlled switch. By applying a voltage to its gate terminal, the flow of current between its source and drain terminals can be turned on (representing a ‘1’) or off (representing a ‘0’), enabling…
In continuum mechanics, the principle of mass conservation states that the mass of a closed system must remain constant over time. For a fluid, this is expressed by the continuity equation. In its Eulerian differential form, it is written as frac{partial rho}{partial t} + nabla cdot (rho mathbf{u}) = 0[/latex], where rho[/latex] is the density…
The Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations are time-averaged equations of motion for turbulent fluid flow. This approach, called Reynolds decomposition, separates flow variables into a mean and a fluctuating component. The averaging process introduces an additional term, the Reynolds stress tensor, which represents the effect of turbulence and must be modeled to achieve closure, making simulations…
Bernoulli’s principle states that for an inviscid flow, an increase in a fluid’s speed occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or a decrease in its potential energy. It is a statement of the conservation of energy for a moving fluid, commonly expressed as p + frac{1}{2}rho v^2 + rho gh = text{constant}[/latex] along a…
Our original glossary provides direct definitions for the specialized technical terms and acronyms used throughout innovation.world. Covering disciplines from product design and engineering to manufacturing and patent law, this resource is a practical reference for the specific terminology discussed in our articles. Use it to clarify the concepts and jargon essential to the process of…
