دورة الحياة Assessment (LCA) is a systematic methodology for evaluating the environmental impacts associated with all stages of a product’s life. This “cradle-to-grave” or “cradle-to-cradle” analysis considers raw material extraction, processing, تصنيع, distribution, use, repair, maintenance, and final disposal or recycling. It quantifies inputs like energy and raw materials and outputs like emissions to air, water, and soil.
