» 汉普森-林德循环

汉普森-林德循环

1895
  • William Hampson
  • Carl von Linde
Industrial gas liquefaction facility utilizing the Hampson-Linde cycle for cryogenics.

汉普森-林德循环利用焦耳-汤姆逊效应和再生冷却技术,将空气等气体液化。高压气体在逆流式热交换器中被从膨胀阀返回的低温低压气体冷却。这逐渐降低阀门处的温度,直至降至临界点以下,开始液化,这构成了现代气体液化工业的基础。

Independently developed by William Hampson in Britain and Carl von Linde in Germany, this cycle represented a major breakthrough. Its elegance lies in its simplicity and self-reinforcing nature. The key component is the regenerative heat exchanger, typically a set of coiled pipes. Incoming high-pressure gas flows through an inner pipe, while the cold, expanded gas from the Joule-Thomson valve flows back over the outside of this pipe. This counter-flow arrangement ensures the incoming gas is continuously pre-cooled by the coldest available return gas. With each pass, the temperature of the gas entering the expansion valve drops further. Eventually, the temperature falls below the gas’s inversion temperature, and the Joule-Thomson expansion produces significant cooling. This cooling is carried back through the heat exchanger, creating a positive feedback loop until the temperature is low enough for a fraction of the gas to condense into a liquid upon expansion. This process made the large-scale, commercial production of liquid air feasible for the first time.

UNESCO Nomenclature: 2212
- 热力学

类型

Thermodynamic Cycle

中断

实质性

使用方法

广泛使用

前体

  • 焦耳-汤姆逊效应(焦耳和汤姆逊)
  • 逆流热交换的概念
  • Siemens’ regenerative cooling principle (developed for furnaces)
  • 高压压缩技术的进步

应用

  • 液态空气、氮气、氧气和氩气的工业生产
  • 液化气体标准实验室设备
  • 低温学研究
  • 氢气和氦气液化器的预冷阶段
  • 液态空气储能(LAES)

专利:

  • GB189524525A
  • DE88824

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Related to: Hampson-Linde cycle, regenerative cooling, Joule-Thomson effect, liquefaction, cryogenics, air separation, heat exchanger, Carl von Linde, throttling, counter-flow.

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