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» 完美反射扩散器(PRD)

完美反射扩散器(PRD)

1931
实验室中用于比色法和分光光度法校准的完美反射扩散器。.

(图片仅供参考)

完美反射漫射体,也称为完美白光,是一种理论上的理想表面,在比色法和分光光度法中用作参考标准。其定义为能够 100% 反射可见光谱中所有波长的入射光,并实现完美漫反射(朗伯反射)的表面,这意味着其亮度在任何视角下都均匀一致。

The Perfect Reflecting Diffuser (PRD) is a cornerstone concept in color science, serving as the ultimate benchmark for reflectance and whiteness. By definition, its spectral reflectance factor is unity (or 100%) for all wavelengths. This means it absorbs no light whatsoever. Furthermore, it exhibits Lambertian reflectance, meaning the reflected light intensity is proportional to the cosine of the angle between the observer’s line of sight and the surface normal. This ensures the surface appears equally bright regardless of the viewing angle. In the CIE XYZ color space, a PRD illuminated by an equal-energy illuminant (Illuminant E) would have tristimulus values X=Y=Z=100 and chromaticity coordinates x=y=z=1/3. Under any standard illuminant, its tristimulus values are numerically equal to those of the illuminant itself. For example, under CIE Illuminant D65, its Y value is 100, and its chromaticity coordinates (x, y) are those of D65. By definition, a PRD has a CIE Whiteness Index of 100. While a true PRD cannot be physically realized, materials like pressed barium sulfate (BaSO4) powder, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, or Teflon), and various commercial materials like Spectralon are used as practical physical standards that closely approximate its properties, with reflectances often exceeding 99% across the visible spectrum.

UNESCO Nomenclature: 2209
- 光学

类型

抽象系统

中断

基础

用法

广泛使用

前体

  • 兰伯特余弦定律(1760 年)
  • 光度测量和辐射测量的发展
  • CIE 1931色彩空间的建立
  • 需要一个通用的反射测量标准

应用程序

  • 分光光度计和比色计的校准
  • 色彩管理系统中的参考白色
  • 白度指数的理论基础(例如,对于 PRD,CIE 白度 = 100)
  • 用于定义完美白色哑光表面的计算机图形
  • 用于评估真实世界材料反射率的材料科学

专利:

NA

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相关术语:完美反射漫射器、PRD、参考白、色度学、分光光度学、朗伯反射率、CIE、校准标准、反射率、理想表面。

历史背景

完美反射扩散器(PRD)

1930
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1931
1932
1936-01-01
1938
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1931
1932
1933
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1940

(如果日期未知或不相关,例如“流体力学”,则提供其显著出现的近似估计)

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