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» 系数的欧拉-傅里叶公式

系数的欧拉-傅里叶公式

1822
  • Leonhard Euler
  • Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier
一位数学家在复古书房中计算傅里叶系数。.

(图片仅供参考)

The coefficients for the 傅立叶 series of a function [latex]s(x)[/latex] with period [latex]P[/latex] are calculated using integral formulas. The DC component is [latex]a_0 = \frac{2}{P} \int_{P} s(x) , dx[/latex]. The cosine coefficients are [latex]a_n = \frac{2}{P} int_{P} s(x) \cos\left(\frac{2pi n x}{P}\right) , dx[/latex], and the sine coefficients are [latex]b_n = \frac{2}{P} \int_{P} s(x) \sin\left(\frac{2\pi n x}{P}\right) , dx[/latex] for [latex]n ge 1[/latex].

These formulas, often called the Euler-Fourier formulas, are the mechanism for determining the contribution of each harmonic to the overall periodic function. They are derived by exploiting the orthogonality property of the trigonometric functions. Specifically, the integral of the product of two different sine or cosine functions (or a sine and a cosine) over a full period is zero. For example, [latex]int_{0}^{P} sin(frac{2pi n x}{P}) cos(frac{2pi m x}{P}) , dx = 0[/latex] for all integers [latex]n, m[/latex].

To find a specific coefficient, say [latex]a_k[/latex], one multiplies the entire Fourier series expansion of [latex]s(x)[/latex] by [latex]cos(frac{2pi k x}{P})[/latex] and then integrates over the period [latex]P[/latex]. Due to orthogonality, all terms in the infinite sum become zero except for the term involving [latex]a_k[/latex]. This isolates [latex]a_k[/latex], allowing it to be solved for. The same process is applied with [latex]sin(frac{2pi k x}{P})[/latex] to find [latex]b_k[/latex]. This analytical method provides the exact amplitudes needed to reconstruct the original function from its sinusoidal components, effectively transforming the function from the time domain to the frequency domain.

UNESCO Nomenclature: 1201
– 代数

类型

抽象系统

中断

基础

用法

广泛使用

前体

  • Leonhard Euler’s work on trigonometric series
  • 函数的正交性原理
  • 牛顿和莱布尼茨发展了积分学。
  • Daniel Bernoulli’s solution to the wave equation

应用程序

  • 数字信号处理(DSP)
  • 图像压缩(jpeg)
  • 音频合成
  • 求解微分方程
  • 光谱分析

专利:

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Related to: Fourier coefficients, Euler-Fourier formulas, orthogonality, integral, harmonic analysis, spectral components, DC component, sine, cosine, frequency domain.

历史背景

系数的欧拉-傅里叶公式

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