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» 镍镉电池(NiCd)

镍镉电池(NiCd)

1899
  • Waldemar Jungner
镍镉电池展示了其电化学性能和在电子产品中的应用。

(图片仅供参考)

镍镉电池由瓦尔德马·荣格纳于1899年发明,采用氧化氢氧化镍(NiO(OH))作为正极,金属镉(Cd)作为负极,并使用氢氧化钾(KOH)等碱性电解质。该电池以长循环寿命和低温环境下的优异性能著称,但存在以下缺陷: 记忆效应 以及镉的毒性。.

The nickel-cadmium battery was a significant step forward from the lead-acid battery, offering a higher energy density and a much longer cycle life in a sealed, maintenance-free package. Waldemar Jungner’s invention provided a robust and reliable power source that became dominant in portable applications for much of the 20th century. The core chemical reaction during discharge is [latex]2 NiO(OH) + Cd + 2 H_2O rightarrow 2 Ni(OH)_2 + Cd(OH)_2[/latex].

The use of an alkaline electrolyte, typically potassium hydroxide, was a key difference from the acidic electrolyte of lead-acid cells. This chemistry allowed for a very flat discharge voltage curve, meaning the battery delivered a nearly constant voltage until it was almost fully depleted. However, its major drawbacks led to its decline. Cadmium is a heavy metal with significant environmental toxicity, making disposal and recycling a critical issue. Furthermore, NiCd batteries are prone to the ‘memory effect,’ where repeated partial discharge/charge cycles can cause a reduction in usable capacity. This necessitated periodic full discharge cycles to maintain performance. Despite being largely replaced by NiMH and Li-ion technologies in consumer goods, its durability ensures it remains in some niche industrial and aviation applications.

UNESCO Nomenclature: 2204
- 电化学

类型

物理设备

中断

重大的

用法

小众/专业

前体

  • 加斯顿·普兰特的铅酸蓄电池(1859年)
  • 碱性电解质的开发
  • 托马斯·爱迪生在镍铁电池领域的研究(1901年),其阴极化学成分与上述电池相似。

应用程序

  • 早期的无绳电动工具
  • 应急照​​明系统
  • 模型飞机和船
  • 锂离子之前的便携式电子设备
  • 航空电池

专利:

NA

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相关主题:镍镉电池、镍镉、瓦尔德马·容格纳、记忆效应、碱性电池、镉、氢氧化镍、可充电、循环寿命、便携式电子设备。.

历史背景

镍镉电池(NiCd)

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1890
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1900

(如果日期未知或不相关,例如“流体力学”,则提供其显著出现的近似估计)

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