搭售是指将一种商品(搭售商品)的销售与另一种不同的商品(被搭售商品)的购买挂钩。这种做法利用了搭售商品在其市场上的市场支配力,将其影响力扩展到被搭售商品的市场,从而可能排挤竞争对手。捆绑销售则是将几种商品组合成一个商品进行销售的类似做法。

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搭售是指将一种商品(搭售商品)的销售与另一种不同的商品(被搭售商品)的购买挂钩。这种做法利用了搭售商品在其市场上的市场支配力,将其影响力扩展到被搭售商品的市场,从而可能排挤竞争对手。捆绑销售则是将几种商品组合成一个商品进行销售的类似做法。
竞争法严格审查搭售安排,因为此类安排会限制消费者的选择,并扼杀被搭售商品市场的创新。搭售行为若要被视为反竞争,通常必须满足以下几个条件:1) 搭售商品和被搭售商品必须是两种独立的产品。2) 卖方在搭售商品市场必须拥有足够的经济实力,以迫使消费者购买被搭售商品。3) 搭售安排必须对被搭售商品市场的商业活动产生重大影响。
While often viewed negatively, not all tying or bundling is illegal or harmful. Bundling can be pro-competitive by offering consumers convenience and cost savings, such as a ‘value meal’ at a fast-food restaurant or a software suite. Courts often apply a ‘rule of reason’ to evaluate the practice, weighing its anti-competitive effects against its potential business justifications and consumer benefits. However, some forms, particularly those by a monopolist, may be deemed illegal ‘per se’. The landmark case of United States v. Microsoft Corp. famously centered on allegations that Microsoft illegally tied its Internet Explorer web browser to its dominant Windows operating system to crush competition from other browsers like Netscape Navigator.
搭售和产品捆绑
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