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» 屈服强度

屈服强度

1860
测量材料科学中屈服强度的拉伸试验机。

(图片仅供参考)

屈服强度或屈服点是指 压力 材料开始发生塑性变形的点。在屈服点之前,材料会发生弹性变形,当外加应力消除后,材料会恢复到原来的形状。一旦过了屈服点,部分变形将是永久性的,不可逆转。它标志着弹性行为的极限。

The transition from elastic to plastic behavior is a critical design consideration. For materials with a clear, sharp yield point (like low-carbon steel), it’s easily identified on the stress-strain curve as a distinct peak (upper yield point) followed by a drop to a lower, constant stress plateau (lower yield point). However, many materials, such as aluminum alloys, exhibit a gradual transition. For these, a proof stress or offset yield point is defined. This is commonly determined by the 0.2% offset method, where a line parallel to the initial elastic portion of the curve is drawn from a strain value of 0.002 (or 0.2%). The stress at which this line intersects the stress-strain curve is defined as the 0.2% proof yield strength. This value represents the stress that would cause a permanent, non-recoverable strain of 0.2% upon unloading. The yield strength is a fundamental parameter used to determine the maximum allowable load a mechanical component can bear before it is considered to have failed, as permanent deformation can render a part unusable even if it has not fractured.

UNESCO Nomenclature: 3313
- 材料科学

类型

物理特性

中断

基础

用法

广泛使用

前体

  • 了解金属的弹性与塑性行为
  • 开发精确的引伸计来测量小变形
  • 工业界需要可预测材料在负载下的性能
  • 晶体固体中的位错运动理论

应用程序

  • 建筑物和桥梁的结构设计,以防止永久变形
  • 汽车耐撞性设计(通过塑性变形吸收能量)
  • 紧固件和螺栓的设计
  • 金属成型工艺,如轧制、锻造和挤压
  • 设定管道和压力容器的压力限制

专利:

NA

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相关内容: 屈服强度 屈服点 塑性变形 弹性极限 应力-应变曲线 证明应力 0.2% 偏移 材料科学 机械设计 永久变形

历史背景

屈服强度

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1882-01-01
1850
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1867
1875-01-01
1881
1884

(如果日期未知或不相关,例如“流体力学”,则提供其显著出现的近似估计)

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