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» 玻意耳定律

玻意耳定律

1650
  • Robert Boyle
  • Edme Mariotte
Laboratory setup demonstrating Boyle's Law with a syringe and pressure gauge.

(图片仅供参考)

玻意耳定律指出,对于在固定温度下保持一定量的理想气体,其 压力 ([latex]P[/latex])和体积([latex]V[/latex])成反比。这意味着它们的乘积是一个常数([latex]k[/latex])。数学上可以表示为 [latex]P \propto \frac{1}{V}[/latex] 或 [latex]PV = k[/latex]。.

波义耳定律由罗伯特·波义耳于1662年发表,描述了在温度和气体量恒定的情况下,气体压力和体积之间的关系。波义耳使用J形玻璃管进行实验,管内空气量固定,并通过添加汞来改变压力。他观察到,随着气体压力的增加,其体积成比例地减小。这种反比关系可以用数学公式表示为[latex]P ∝ 1/V[/latex],或者更常见的是[latex]P₁V₁ = P₂V₂[/latex],适用于等温(恒温)过程中给定质量的气体。

The French physicist Edme Mariotte discovered the same law independently around 1679, which is why it is often referred to as Mariotte’s law in French-speaking countries. Boyle’s law was a crucial step in the development of the atomic theory of matter and the kinetic theory of gases. It provided the first quantitative relationship describing gas behavior, suggesting that gases are composed of tiny particles with large amounts of empty space between them. Compressing the gas reduces this empty space, thereby increasing the frequency of particle collisions with the container walls, which is perceived as an increase in pressure. It is one of the fundamental empirical laws that were later combined to form the ideal gas law.

UNESCO Nomenclature: 2210
- 热力学

类型

抽象系统

中断

重大的

用法

广泛使用

前体

  • 奥托·冯·格里克发明真空泵
  • 埃万杰利斯塔·托里拆利发明的气压计
  • 大气压力的早期概念

应用程序

  • 注射器和液压系统
  • 呼吸力学(横膈膜作用)
  • 水肺潜水(压力对气罐的影响)
  • 轮胎充气
  • 活塞发动机的运行

专利:

NA

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Related to: Boyle’s law, pressure, volume, isothermal process, gas law, inverse proportion, constant temperature, Robert Boyle, edme mariotte, ideal gas.

历史背景

玻意耳定律

1650
1650
1672
1687
1687
1738
1750
1600
1650
1650
1678
1687
1687
1738
1750

(如果日期未知或不相关,例如“流体力学”,则提供其显著出现的近似估计)

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