离心式调速器是一种利用离心力原理调节发动机转速的机械装置。随着发动机转速的升高,旋转的飞球会因离心力的作用而向外移动。这种移动与节流阀相连,节流阀会减少燃料或蒸汽的供应,从而降低发动机转速并保持接近恒定的转速。

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离心式调速器是一种利用离心力原理调节发动机转速的机械装置。随着发动机转速的升高,旋转的飞球会因离心力的作用而向外移动。这种移动与节流阀相连,节流阀会减少燃料或蒸汽的供应,从而降低发动机转速并保持接近恒定的转速。
The centrifugal governor, famously improved and applied by James Watt in 1788 for his steam engine, is a classic example of a negative feedback control system. It consists of two or more masses, often called flyballs, mounted on arms that are hinged to a rotating spindle driven by the engine’s output shaft. As the spindle rotates, 离心力 causes the flyballs to move outwards and upwards. This upward motion of the arms is mechanically linked to a throttle valve that controls the flow of working fluid (like steam) to the engine. If the engine speed increases beyond a set point, the flyballs swing further out, causing the linkage to partially close the throttle. This reduces the power input, and the engine slows down. Conversely, if the engine speed drops, the flyballs move inwards, opening the throttle and increasing power. This continuous adjustment allows the engine to maintain a relatively constant speed despite variations in load. It was a crucial innovation for the Industrial Revolution, enabling steam engines to be used for applications requiring stable speed, such as spinning and weaving in factories.
虽然瓦特的设计最为著名,但这一原理更早被用于风车,以调节磨石之间的距离。瓦特的贡献在于将其改良并用于蒸汽机,成为自动控制理论的基石。詹姆斯-克拉克对调速器稳定性的数学分析 麦克斯韦 他在 1868 年发表的论文《论治理者》被认为是控制理论的奠基之作,标志着动态系统从纯粹的直观设计转向严格的数学分析。.
离心调速器
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