电化学腐蚀是一种电化学过程,当一种金属与另一种金属在电解液中发生电接触时,会优先发生腐蚀。发生这种现象的原因是异种金属形成了双金属对,惰性较低(较活泼)的金属作为阳极发生腐蚀,而惰性较高的金属作为阴极发生腐蚀。

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电化学腐蚀是一种电化学过程,当一种金属与另一种金属在电解液中发生电接触时,会优先发生腐蚀。发生这种现象的原因是异种金属形成了双金属对,惰性较低(较活泼)的金属作为阳极发生腐蚀,而惰性较高的金属作为阴极发生腐蚀。
电化学腐蚀的驱动力是两种异种金属之间的电极电位差。连接后,它们会形成一个短路的电化学电池。电极电位较负的金属(惰性较低的金属)成为阳极并发生氧化,将电子和金属离子释放到电解液中。例如,当锌与海水中的钢接触时,锌就会发生氧化:[latex]Zn \\rightarrow Zn^{2+} + 2e^-[/latex]。.
同时,惰性金属(电位较正)成为阴极,发生还原反应。阳极释放的电子通过金属连接到达阴极。在海水等中性或酸性电解质中,还原反应通常是氧气的还原:[latex]O_2 + 2H_2O + 4e^- (\rightarrow 4OH^-[/latex])。.
The rate of galvanic corrosion is influenced by several factors, including the potential difference between the metals (a larger difference leads to faster corrosion), the ratio of the cathode-to-anode surface area (a large cathode and small anode is the worst-case scenario, leading to rapid localized corrosion of the anode), and the conductivity of the electrolyte. The Galvanic Series, which ranks metals and alloys by their electrochemical potential in a specific electrolyte (commonly seawater), is a critical tool for engineers to predict and prevent this type of corrosion by selecting compatible materials.
电化腐蚀
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