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프레넬 존

1800
  • Augustin-Jean Fresnel
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(설명을 위한 생성된 이미지입니다)

A Fresnel zone is one of a series of confocal prolate ellipsoidal regions in space between a transmitter and a receiver. The primary zone’s boundary is the ellipsoid where the path length from transmitter to a point on the surface to the receiver is half a wavelength longer than the direct path, causing a 180-degree phase shift.

The concept of Fresnel zones, developed by Augustin-Jean Fresnel, provides a powerful method for understanding and analyzing wave propagation, particularly diffraction. It divides the space between a source and an observer into a series of concentric ellipsoidal zones. The boundary of the first (n=1) Fresnel zone is defined by all points in space for which the total path length from the source to the point and then to the observer is exactly half a wavelength ([latex]\lambda/2[/latex]) longer than the direct line-of-sight path. Similarly, the nth zone is bounded by the ellipsoid where this excess path length is [latex]n \cdot \lambda/2[/latex].

This construction is significant because waves originating from consecutive zones arrive at the observer approximately 180 degrees out of phase with each other. According to the Huygens-Fresnel principle, the total field at the observer is the superposition of contributions from all these zones. The contributions from adjacent zones tend to cancel each other out. In an unobstructed path, the majority of the signal energy is contributed by the first Fresnel zone. If this zone is partially blocked, the waves diffracted by the obstacle can interfere destructively with the direct signal, causing significant attenuation.

UNESCO Nomenclature: 2205
전자기학

유형

추상 시스템

분열

실질적인

용법

널리 사용됨

전구체

  • Huygens’ principle of secondary wavelets
  • 토마스 영의 이중 슬릿 실험은 간섭 현상을 보여준다.
  • The wave theory of light
  • Christiaan Huygens’ work on wave propagation

응용 프로그램

  • radio link design and analysis
  • microwave communication systems
  • antenna placement optimization
  • acoustics and sonar design
  • diffraction analysis in optics
  • 홀로그래피

특허:

NA

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Related to: Fresnel zone, wave propagation, diffraction, phase shift, Huygens-Fresnel principle, ellipsoid, constructive interference, destructive interference, optics, radio waves.

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