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窒息消火

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厨房の消火活動で炎を鎮めるための毛布。.

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Smothering, or oxygen deprivation, is a 方法 of fire extinguishment that removes the ‘oxidizing agent’ from the 火の三角地帯. This is achieved by covering the fire to prevent air from reaching the fuel. Common methods include using a fire blanket, sand, or deploying an inert gas like carbon dioxide (CO2) or nitrogen.

Extinguishment by smothering works by isolating the fuel from its source of oxygen, thereby breaking the fire triangle. For combustion to occur, the concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere typically needs to be above 16%. Smothering aims to reduce this concentration below the sustainable limit. This can be done physically or chemically. Physical methods involve placing a barrier between the fire and the air. A fire blanket, for example, is a non-flammable sheet used to cover a fire, cutting off the oxygen supply. Similarly, putting a lid on a burning pan achieves the same effect on a smaller scale. Chemical methods involve flooding an area with an inert gas that displaces the oxygen. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a common agent used in extinguishers and fixed systems. When released, the heavy CO2 gas sinks and blankets the fire, pushing the lighter, oxygen-rich air away. Other inert gases like nitrogen and argon are also used, particularly in systems designed to protect sensitive equipment where the thermal shock from CO2 could cause damage. This method is highly effective in enclosed spaces but less so in open areas where wind can quickly dissipate the smothering agent.

UNESCO Nomenclature: 3305
化学工学

タイプ

物理的プロセス

混乱

増分

使用法

広く普及している

前駆物質

  • observation that fire needs air to burn
  • antoine lavoisier’s identification of oxygen’s role in combustion
  • development of methods to store and release compressed gases
  • invention of non-flammable materials like asbestos and later fiberglass for blankets

アプリケーション

  • co2 fire extinguishers
  • fire blankets
  • inert gas fire suppression systems for server rooms
  • covering a small pan fire with a lid
  • using sand or dirt to put out campfires

特許:

NA

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Related to: smothering, oxygen deprivation, fire blanket, co2 extinguisher, inert gas, fire suppression, oxidizing agent, fire triangle, asphyxiation, fire safety.

歴史的背景

窒息消火

-250
-500
1750
1788
1834
1850
1850
1850
-500
1700
1761
1807-01-01
1850
1850
1850

(日付が不明または関連性がない場合、例えば「流体力学」などでは、その注目すべき出現時期の概算値が提示されます。)

関連する発明、革新、および技術原理

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