The Zeeman effect is the splitting of an atomic spectral line into multiple components when an external static magnetic field is applied. This splitting occurs because the magnetic field interacts with the magnetic dipole moment associated with the atom’s orbital and spin angular momentum, shifting the energy levels of its electrons, a phenomenon crucial for probing atomic structure.
塞曼效应由荷兰物理学家彼得·塞曼于1896年发现，是现代物理学发展史上的一个关键现象。当原子置于磁场中时，其能级（通常简并（具有相同的能量））会发生分裂。这是因为磁场与原子的磁矩相互作用。磁矩主要有两个来源：电子绕原子核旋转的运动（轨道角动量）和电子的固有量子特性——自旋（自旋角动量）。这种相互作用提高了具有不同磁量子数的能态的简并度。
When an electron transitions between these split energy levels, it emits or absorbs a photon. Since there are now multiple possible final energy states, a single spectral line, corresponding to a transition in the absence of a field, splits into several distinct lines. The spacing and polarization of these lines provide detailed information about the atom’s electronic structure, including its angular momentum quantum numbers. Hendrik Lorentz provided an early classical explanation, but a complete understanding required the advent of quantum 力学 and the concept of electron spin. The effect is categorized into the ‘normal’ Zeeman effect (for atoms with zero total spin) and the more common ‘anomalous’ Zeeman effect (for atoms with non-zero spin).
迎接新挑战
机械工程师、项目、工艺工程师或研发经理
可在短时间内接受新的挑战。
通过 LinkedIn 联系我
塑料金属电子集成、成本设计、GMP、人体工程学、中高容量设备和耗材、精益制造、受监管行业、CE 和 FDA、CAD、Solidworks、精益西格玛黑带、医疗 ISO 13485
(如果日期不详或不相关，例如 "流体力学"，则对其显著出现的时间作了四舍五入的估计）。
相关发明、创新和技术原理
{{标题}}
{%，如果摘录 %}{{ 摘录 | truncatewords：55 }}
{% endif %}
