荧光增白剂，也称为光学增白剂 (OBA)，是一种能够增强白色感的化合物。它们吸收人眼不可见的紫外 (UV) 光谱中的光，并将其重新发射为可见光谱中蓝色区域的光。这种蓝光可以中和材料中残留的黄色或乳白色光泽。
荧光增白剂（FWA）
1940
Fluorescent Whitening Agents (FWAs) are a key technology for achieving high levels of whiteness in many consumer and industrial products. Their mechanism relies on the phenomenon of fluorescence. FWAs are designed to absorb high-energy photons from the near-ultraviolet range (typically 340–370 nm) and, through a process of electronic excitation and relaxation, re-emit lower-energy photons in the blue part of the visible spectrum (typically 420–470 nm). This emitted blue light adds to the light reflected by the material, making it appear brighter. More importantly, the blue emission masks the inherent yellowish appearance common in many natural and synthetic materials like cotton, wool, and paper pulp. This masking effect shifts the material’s color towards blue, which the human eye perceives as ‘whiter than white.’ The effectiveness of an FWA depends on the presence of a UV component in the viewing light source. For this reason, whiteness measurements of FWA-treated materials must be performed under a calibrated illuminant with a known UV content, such as CIE Standard Illuminant D65, which simulates daylight. Without UV energy, the FWA is inactive, and the material will appear less white. This is why white clothes can look different indoors under incandescent light (low UV) compared to outdoors in daylight (high UV).
UNESCO Nomenclature: 2501
– Physical chemistry
类型
化学工艺
中断
递增
使用方法
广泛使用
前体
- 乔治·斯托克斯于 1852 年发现荧光
- 19世纪合成染料化学的发展
- 了解 CIE 颜色空间和人类颜色感知
- 尽早使用上蓝剂（例如群青）来防止泛黄
应用
专利：
- US2218374
- DE723555
潜在的创新想法
Related to: fluorescence, FWA, OBA, optical brightener, whiteness, UV light, blue light, textiles, paper, detergents.
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