Developed in 1950 by Vitaly Ginzburg and Lev Landau, this is a phenomenological theory that describes superconductivity near the phase transition. It introduces a complex order parameter, [latex]\Psi[/latex], to represent the density of superconducting electrons. The theory successfully describes effects like the 迈斯纳效应 and predicts the distinction between Type I and Type II superconductors based on a single parameter, [latex]\kappa[/latex].













