(生成的图像仅供参考）
General relativity predicts that accelerating masses generate ripples in the fabric of spacetime called gravitational waves. These waves propagate outwards at the speed of light, carrying energy as gravitational radiation. They are created by cataclysmic cosmic 事件 like the merger of black holes or neutron stars, causing spacetime to stretch and squeeze as they pass.
引力波是时空曲率的扰动，由加速质量产生，以光速从其源头以波的形式传播。它们与电磁波不同，电磁波是*通过*时空的场振荡；而引力波则是*时空本身的振荡。当波通过时，它会拉伸和压缩空间，以及空间中的任何物体，垂直于波的传播方向。这种影响小得令人难以置信。即使是最剧烈的宇宙事件，一公里距离的变化也小于质子的宽度，因此探测异常困难。.
For decades, their existence was only inferred indirectly from the Hulse-Taylor binary pulsar, whose orbital decay matched predictions of energy loss via gravitational radiation. The first direct detection occurred on September 14, 2015, by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO). The signal, GW150914, originated from two merging stellar-mass black holes over a billion light-years away. This landmark discovery, earning the 2017 诺贝尔奖 Prize in Physics, opened a new window onto the universe. Gravitational-wave astronomy allows scientists to observe phenomena invisible to traditional telescopes, like 黑洞 mergers, and to test general relativity in extreme gravity regimes.
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引力波
（如果日期未知或不相关，例如“流体力学”，则提供其显著出现的近似估计）
相关发明、创新和技术原理
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