质子交换膜 燃料电池 质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）使用固体聚合物膜（例如Nafion）作为电解质。这种膜能够选择性地将质子（H⁺）从阳极传导至阴极。PEMFC在低温（通常为50-100°C）下运行，因此启动迅速且结构紧凑。它们需要高纯度氢气作为燃料，以避免铂基催化剂中毒。
质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）
1960
- Willard Thomas Grubb
- Leonard Niedrach
（图片仅供参考）
The heart of the PEMFC is the membrane electrode assembly (MEA), which consists of the proton-exchange membrane sandwiched between two catalyst-coated electrodes. At the anode, hydrogen gas is split into protons and electrons: [latex]H_2 \rightarrow 2H^+ + 2e^-[/latex]. The solid polymer membrane, which is an electrical insulator, allows only the protons to pass through to the cathode. The electrons are forced to travel through an external circuit, generating the electrical current. At the cathode, oxygen from the air, the protons from the membrane, and the electrons from the external circuit combine to form water: [latex]O_2 + 4H^+ + 4e^- \rightarrow 2H_2O[/latex].
A critical aspect of PEMFC operation is water management. The membrane must remain hydrated to maintain its proton conductivity, but excess water at the cathode (product water) can block the flow of oxygen to the catalyst sites, a phenomenon known as ‘flooding’. The low operating temperature makes PEMFCs susceptible to catalyst poisoning, particularly from carbon monoxide (CO) present in reformed hydrogen, which binds strongly to the platinum catalyst sites. This necessitates the use of very pure hydrogen fuel, increasing operational costs.
UNESCO Nomenclature: 3305
能源技术
类型
物理设备
中断
重大的
用法
广泛使用
前体
- 威廉·格罗夫于1838年发明了燃料电池。
- 杜邦公司的瓦尔特·格罗特（Walther Grot）于 20 世纪 60 年代末开发了第一种离子交换聚合物膜 Nafion。
- 对铂催化性能的研究
应用程序
- 适用于丰田 Mirai 和现代 Nexo 等燃料电池电动汽车 (FCEV) 的推进系统
- 关键基础设施备用电源装置
- 用于休闲和军事用途的便携式发电机
- 物料搬运车辆，例如叉车
- 美国宇航局“双子座计划”飞船的电源
专利：
- US2913511A (Willard T. Grubb, 1959)
潜在创新理念
相关领域：质子交换膜燃料电池、质子交换膜、Nafion、催化剂、铂、氢燃料、膜电极组件、低温、汽车、通用电气。
历史背景
质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）
（如果日期未知或不相关，例如“流体力学”，则提供其显著出现的近似估计）
