Total Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is the sum of two main processes: Carbonaceous BOD (cBOD) and Nitrogenous BOD (nBOD). cBOD is the oxygen consumed by microorganisms to oxidize organic carbon compounds. nBOD is the oxygen used in the later-stage oxidation of nitrogenous compounds, primarily ammonia (nitrification), by specific autotrophic bacteria. Distinguishing between them is important for advanced wastewater treatment.





