Secondary Organic Aerosols (SOAs) are fine airborne particles formed from the atmospheric oxidation of VOCs. Gaseous VOCs react with oxidants like [latex]O_3[/latex], [latex]\bullet OH[/latex], or [latex]NO_3\bullet[/latex] to produce low-volatility products. These products can then undergo gas-to-particle conversion, either by forming new particles (nucleation) or condensing onto pre-existing aerosols. SOAs are a major component of PM2.5, impacting climate and human health.

















