ال نيرنست تحدد المعادلة الكمية القابلة للانعكاس القوة الدافعة الكهربائية (الترددات الكهرومغناطيسية) or open-circuit voltage of a خلية وقود under non-standard conditions. It links the cell potential ([latex]E[/latex]) to its standard potential ([latex]E^0[/latex]), temperature, and the activities (approximated by partial pressures) of reactants and products. The equation is [latex]E = E^0 – \frac{RT}{nF} \ln Q[/latex], where Q is the reaction quotient.





