النظم الإيكولوجية البحرية

Marine ecosystems refer to the complex networks of living organisms, including plants, animals, and microorganisms, that interact with their physical environment in oceanic and coastal regions. These ecosystems are vital for sustaining التنوع البيولوجي, regulating climate, and providing resources such as food and raw materials, which are essential for product design and innovation. Understanding marine ecosystems is crucial for developing sustainable practices in research and production, ensuring the preservation of these environments while meeting human needs.