物料需求计划（MRP）

Material Requirements Planning (MRP) has wide applicability across various industries including automotive, aerospace, electronics, and consumer goods, where the coordination of raw materials and production schedules is paramount. This methodology finds its utility particularly during the manufacturing phase of product development, acting as a bridge between inventory management and production scheduling. Participants typically include production managers, inventory controllers, and procurement specialists, who collaborate to ensure that the necessary materials are procured in advance based on the production schedule. Projects employing MRP often utilize enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems which integrate MRP functionalities to enhance data visibility and facilitate real-time decision-making. A key attribute of MRP is its capacity to adjust the materials plan based on demand forecasts and sales orders, enabling businesses to respond dynamically to fluctuating market conditions. By implementing MRP, organizations can achieve lean inventory practices, minimizing excess stock while ensuring alignment with production timelines, which can significantly reduce lead times in manufacturing processes. This methodology also supports various analyses such as ABC inventory classification, which aids in prioritizing inventory management efforts according to the value and turnover rate of different items.