FMEA（故障模式与影响分析）

FMEA finds extensive application across various industries including automotive, aerospace, healthcare, and manufacturing, where it is implemented during the design phase (DFMEA) or in the manufacturing and assembly stages (PFMEA) to enhance product quality and process efficiency. In contexts such as product development and process optimization, cross-functional teams typically involve members from engineering, quality assurance, manufacturing, and product management, ensuring diverse perspectives are considered when evaluating potential failure modes. The methodology is particularly beneficial during early stages of project development, allowing teams to assess risk before products are launched or processes are finalized. This proactive approach enables organizations to identify weak points in designs or workflows and implement corrective actions or design improvements, thereby reducing potential recalls, customer dissatisfaction, and associated costs. Industries employing FMEA can demonstrate a commitment to safety and reliability, often meeting regulatory standards that require thorough risk assessments, which in turn can enhance brand reputation and market competitiveness. The systematic calculation of the Risk Priority Number (RPN) offers a quantifiable method to prioritize risks, enabling teams to focus their resources and efforts on the most significant issues that could impact performance or safety. In practice, organizations may integrate FMEA with other methodologies such as Six Sigma or Lean, further enhancing efficiency and fostering a culture of continuous improvement across processes and products.