Stereolithography is a vat photopolymerization 快速成型制造 process. It employs an ultraviolet (UV) laser to selectively cure and solidify a liquid photopolymer resin. A build platform is submerged in the resin, and the laser traces a cross-section of the object on the surface. The platform then moves down by one layer thickness, allowing a new layer of resin to be cured on top.
The SLA process begins with a 3D 计算机辅助设计 model, which is sliced into thin horizontal layers. For each layer, the laser beam, directed by scanning mirrors, traces the corresponding pattern on the surface of the liquid photopolymer. The UV energy triggers a chemical reaction, polymerization, which solidifies the resin where the laser hits. After a layer is completed, the platform descends, and a recoater blade sweeps across the surface to ensure the next layer of liquid resin is smooth and of a consistent thickness. This cycle repeats until the entire object is built. Because parts are built in a liquid vat, they often require support structures to anchor them to the build platform and to support overhangs and islands. After printing, the part is removed from the machine, washed in a solvent (like isopropyl alcohol) to remove excess uncured resin, and then post-cured in a UV chamber to fully solidify the polymer and achieve its final mechanical properties. SLA is known for producing parts with very high accuracy, intricate details, and a smooth surface finish, making it ideal for applications where aesthetics and precision are critical. However, the materials are often more brittle and less UV-stable than 热塑 used in other processes.
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