创新世界 热力学 equilibrium, the 电化学势, [latex]bar{mu}_i[/latex], for any given charged species `i` must be uniform throughout all phases. If a gradient exists ([latex]nabla bar{mu}_i neq 0[/latex]), ions will spontaneously move from regions of higher potential to lower potential, creating a current or flux, until this gradient is eliminated and equilibrium is re-established.





