» Boyle’s Law

Boyle’s Law

1650
  • Robert Boyle
  • Edme Mariotte
Laboratory setup demonstrating Boyle's Law with a syringe and pressure gauge.

Boyle’s Law states that for a fixed amount of an ideal gas kept at a fixed temperature, the 压力 ([latex]P[/latex]) and volume ([latex]V[/latex]) are inversely proportional. This means their product is a constant ([latex]k[/latex]). Mathematically, it is expressed as [latex]P \propto \frac{1}{V}[/latex] or [latex]PV = k[/latex].

Boyle’s Law, published by Robert Boyle in 1662, describes the relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas at constant temperature and quantity. Boyle conducted experiments using a J-shaped glass tube, trapping a fixed amount of air and varying the pressure by adding mercury. He observed that as he increased the pressure on the gas, its volume decreased proportionally. This inverse relationship is mathematically stated as [latex]P \propto 1/V[/latex], or more commonly, [latex]P_1V_1 = P_2V_2[/latex] for a given mass of gas undergoing an isothermal (constant temperature) process.

The French physicist Edme Mariotte discovered the same law independently around 1679, which is why it is often referred to as Mariotte’s law in French-speaking countries. Boyle’s law was a crucial step in the development of the atomic theory of matter and the kinetic theory of gases. It provided the first quantitative relationship describing gas behavior, suggesting that gases are composed of tiny particles with large amounts of empty space between them. Compressing the gas reduces this empty space, thereby increasing the frequency of particle collisions with the container walls, which is perceived as an increase in pressure. It is one of the fundamental empirical laws that were later combined to form the ideal gas law.

UNESCO Nomenclature: 2210
- 热力学

类型

抽象系统

中断

实质性

使用方法

广泛使用

前体

  • Invention of the vacuum by Otto von Guericke
  • Development of the barometer by Evangelista Torricelli
  • Early concepts of atmospheric pressure

应用

  • syringes and hydraulic systems
  • breathing mechanics (diaphragm action)
  • scuba diving (pressure effects on air tanks)
  • inflation of tires
  • operation of piston engines

专利:

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Related to: Boyle’s law, pressure, volume, isothermal process, gas law, inverse proportion, constant temperature, Robert Boyle, edme mariotte, ideal gas.

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