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깁스 현상

1899
  • Henry Wilbraham
  • J. Willard Gibbs
불연속성에서 푸리에 급수 거동을 분석하는 신호 처리 실험실.

(설명을 위한 생성된 이미지입니다)

The Gibbs phenomenon describes the behavior of a 푸리에 series at a jump discontinuity. The partial sums of the series exhibit an overshoot near the jump, which does not disappear as more terms are added. This overshoot converges to a constant value of about 9% of the jump height, regardless of the number of terms in the series.

When a function with a jump discontinuity, like a square wave, is approximated by its Fourier series, the approximation is not perfect at the discontinuity. As more terms are added to the series (i.e., as the approximation includes higher frequencies), the approximation gets better everywhere except in the immediate vicinity of the jump. Near the jump, the partial sum overshoots the function’s value. The width of this overshoot region shrinks as more terms are added, but the height of the overshoot remains constant.

This overshoot is not a sign of non-convergence. The series does converge pointwise, and at the discontinuity itself, it converges to the midpoint of the jump as predicted by Dirichlet’s theorem. However, the convergence is not uniform. The maximum overshoot, related to the Wilbraham-Gibbs constant, is approximately [latex]frac{1}{pi} int_0^pi frac{sin t}{t} dt – frac{1}{2} approx 0.08949…[/latex] times the jump size. This phenomenon is a fundamental property of series approximations of discontinuous functions and is important in signal and image processing, where it can manifest as ‘ringing’ artifacts near sharp edges.

UNESCO Nomenclature: 1201
대수학

유형

추상 시스템

분열

상당한

용법

널리 사용됨

전구체

  • Fourier series representation of discontinuous functions
  • Dirichlet’s convergence theorem
  • concept of partial sums and series convergence
  • study of the Sinc function [latex]frac{sin(x)}{x}[/latex]

응용 프로그램

  • signal processing (filter design)
  • image processing (artifact analysis)
  • numerical analysis
  • mri (magnetic resonance imaging)

특허:

NA

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Related to: Gibbs phenomenon, Fourier series, jump discontinuity, overshoot, ringing artifact, signal processing, convergence, partial sums, Wilbraham-Gibbs constant, uniform convergence.

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