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A Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) is an organic chemical that has a high vapor プレッシャー at room temperature, leading to significant evaporation. This property is due to a low boiling point. The European Union defines a VOC as any organic compound having an initial boiling point less than or equal to 250°C measured at a standard pressure of 101.3 kPa.
The definition of a Volatile Organic Compound is not universally standardized and often depends on the regulatory context. The most common definitions are based on physical properties. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines VOCs as organic compounds with boiling points ranging from 50 to 260°C. This definition is widely adopted, including by the EU’s Paint Directive (2004/42/EC), which aims to limit VOC emissions from decorative paints and varnishes. This physical definition is practical for regulation as boiling point is a readily measurable property.
In contrast, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) uses a reactivity-based definition. It defines VOCs as any compound of carbon, excluding certain listed non-reactive compounds (like methane, carbon monoxide, and acetone), that participates in atmospheric photochemical reactions. This approach focuses on the environmental impact, specifically the role of VOCs in forming ground-level ozone. The consequence is that some compounds with low boiling points, like acetone, are considered VOCs under the EU definition but are exempt in the US due to their low photochemical reactivity. These differing definitions highlight the dual nature of VOCs as both a physical class of chemicals and a category of environmental pollutants.
It shall not be confused with the VoC (“Voice of Customer”) technique used extensively in marketing and product design.
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揮発性有機化合物（VOC）
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