In quantum 力学, momentum is an observable represented by a vector operator. In the position basis, the momentum operator is given by [latex]\hat{\vec{p}} = -i\hbar\nabla[/latex], where [latex]\hbar[/latex] is the reduced プランク定数 and [latex]\nabla[/latex] is the gradient operator. The 運動量保存の法則 corresponds to the fact that the ハミルトニアン operator commutes with the momentum operator, [latex][hat{H}, hat{vec{p}}] = 0[/latex], for a system with translational symmetry.





