Product Design, Manufacturing & Innovation Resources
Casa » Legge di Charles (legge Vol-Temp)

Legge di Charles (legge Vol-Temp)

1802
  • Jacques Charles
  • Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
Glass apparatus demonstrating Charles's Law in a vintage laboratory setting.

(Immagine generata a solo scopo illustrativo)

Also known as the volume-temperature Law or law of volumes, Charles’s Law states that for a fixed mass of an ideal gas at constant pressione, the volume it occupies is directly proportional to its absolute temperature. This is expressed as [latex]V propto T[/latex] or [latex]frac{V_1}{T_1} = frac{V_2}{T_2}[/latex]. It explains the tendency of gases to expand when heated under isobaric (constant pressure) conditions.

Charles’s Law is a fundamental principle describing the thermal expansion of gases. The initial work was conducted by Jacques Charles around 1787. He investigated how the volume of a fixed amount of gas changed with temperature while keeping the pressure constant, finding a consistent linear relationship. However, Charles never published his findings. The law became widely known after Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, who had been independently investigating the same phenomenon, published his own results in 1802. In his paper, Gay-Lussac generously credited Charles for the original, unpublished work, which is why the law is most commonly named after Charles.

The law’s profound significance lies in its extrapolation. By plotting volume versus temperature for various gases, scientists noted that all the lines, when extended backwards, converged to a single point of zero volume. This theoretical temperature was determined to be -273.15 °C. This point was recognized as absolute zero, the lowest possible temperature, which became the foundation for the Kelvin absolute temperature scale. On the Kelvin scale, where 0 K is absolute zero, the law takes its simple proportional form [latex]V = kT[/latex]. Microscopically, heating a gas at constant pressure increases the kinetic energy of its molecules, making them move faster. To maintain constant pressure (i.e., a constant rate of collisions with the container walls), the volume must expand, giving the faster-moving molecules more space to travel between collisions.

UNESCO Nomenclature: 2212
- Termodinamica

Tipo

Legge fisica

Interruzione

Sostanziale

Utilizzo

Uso diffuso

Precursori

  • Robert Boyle’s work establishing the pressure-volume relationship for gases
  • L'invenzione e il perfezionamento del termometro ad aria, che si basava sulla dilatazione termica
  • Progressi nella misurazione accurata dei volumi di gas mediante dispositivi come cilindri graduati e siringhe per gas
  • Il concetto di mantenimento di una pressione costante durante un esperimento (condizioni isobariche)

Applicazioni

  • mongolfiere
  • strisce bimetalliche nei termostati
  • timer pop-up per tacchini
  • lievitazione del pane durante la cottura
  • cicli dei motori a combustione interna (espansione isobarica)
  • gonfiaggio e salita del pallone meteorologico

Brevetti:

NA

Idee e potenziali innovazioni

A causa dell'eliminazione del traffico generato dai bot, che attualmente supera i 40.000 al giorno, questo contenuto è riservato ai membri della community.
> Accedi O > Registrati L'accesso a questo contenuto, così come a tutti gli altri contenuti e strumenti riservati, è (100% gratuito).

Related to: Charles’s law, law of volumes, ideal gas, thermodynamics, constant pressure, isobaric process, absolute zero, Kelvin scale, gas expansion, volume-temperature relationship.

Contesto storico

Legge di Charles (legge Vol-Temp)

1800
1800
1801
1802
1808
1811
1816-11-16
1800
1800
1800
1802
1802
1810
1816
1816-11-16

(se la data è sconosciuta o non rilevante, ad esempio "meccanica dei fluidi", viene fornita una stima approssimativa della sua notevole comparsa)

Invenzioni, innovazioni e principi tecnici correlati

Le immagini a grandezza naturale e i download sono disponibili, 100% gratuitamente, solo per i membri registrati.

> Login <