装配设计（DfA）

Design for Assembly (DfA) methodology is particularly advantageous in industries such as consumer electronics, automotive, and furniture manufacturing, where complex products often consist of numerous components. In the initial project phases, design teams engage in DfA to identify opportunities for reducing the total part count, often optimizing designs to use modular components that can serve multiple functions, such as incorporating fasteners that also act as alignment features. This approach not only minimizes the physical parts required but also improves the ease of assembly, thereby allowing assembly workers to take less time per unit, which correlates directly with lower labor costs. Cross-functional teams, including design engineers, assembly line workers, and manufacturing engineers, work collaboratively in this process to gather diverse perspectives on assembly challenges and efficiencies. Specific applications of DfA can be observed in the production of smartphones, where companies utilize integrated circuit boards to minimize space and reduce the number of assembly steps, thereby improving yield rates and enhancing overall product reliability. Companies may also leverage DfA principles in iterative prototyping stages, enabling quicker pivots based on early testing feedback to refine both product design and assembly flow before large-scale production begins. When implemented effectively, DfA contributes to higher levels of product quality as designs are inherently more robust against assembly errors, which is particularly important in highly regulated industries like aerospace, where safety and reliability are paramount.