» 节拍时间计算公式

节拍时间计算公式

1930
  • German aircraft industry engineers
  • Toyota Motor Corporation
德国飞机工程师在 20 世纪 30 年代的车间里计算塔克时间,以提高生产效率。

(generate image for illustration only)

生产间隔时间(Takt time)是指为满足客户需求而生产产品所需的最长时间。它的计算方法是用净可用生产时间除以该时间段内的客户需求量。计算公式为:[latex]T = \frac{T_a}{D}[/latex],其中,T 为工时,Ta 为净可用时间,D 为客户需求。

The Takt time formula, [latex]T = \frac{T_a}{D}[/latex], is a cornerstone of lean production systems. Its components must be carefully defined for an accurate calculation. ‘Net Available Time’ ([latex]T_a[/latex]) is not simply the total shift time; it is the time that is genuinely available for production. This means subtracting planned stops such as breaks, team meetings, and scheduled maintenance. Unplanned downtime is typically not subtracted from Ta, as its occurrence is a problem to be solved, and including it would artificially inflate the Takt time, masking the underlying issue. ‘Customer Demand’ (D) refers to the number of units the customer requires within the specified time period. This figure should be based on actual sales or orders, not production forecasts, to ensure the system is truly pulled by the customer.

The result of the calculation is a unit of time per piece (e.g., seconds per unit). This value represents the heartbeat of the production system. Every 工作站 in the production process is then designed and balanced to complete its tasks within this time. If a station’s cycle time exceeds the Takt time, it becomes a bottleneck, unable to keep up with customer demand. Conversely, a cycle time significantly below the Takt time indicates excess capacity, which can lead to overproduction, a primary form of waste in lean philosophy. Therefore, the formula provides a clear, objective target for process design and continuous improvement activities.

UNESCO Nomenclature: 3308
- 工业技术

类型

抽象系统

中断

实质性

使用方法

广泛使用

前体

  • 弗雷德里克·温斯洛·泰勒的科学管理原则
  • 亨利·福特首创的装配线概念
  • 早期工业工程时间和动作研究
  • 20 世纪 30 年代德国航空工业对同步生产的需求

应用

  • 生产线平衡
  • 精益制造系统
  • just-in-time (JIT) inventory management
  • 单元制造中的工作负载平衡
  • 服务行业工作流程设计(例如呼叫中心)

专利:

NA

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Related to: takt time, formula, lean manufacturing, customer demand, available time, production rate, 丰田生产系统, industrial engineering.

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(如果日期不详或不相关,例如 "流体力学",则对其显著出现的时间作了四舍五入的估计)。

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