» 静水压试验

静水压试验

1850
材料科学中用于压力容器的静水压试验装置。

静水压试验是针对管道、锅炉和气瓶等压力容器进行的一种特殊验证试验。容器内充满几乎不可压缩的液体(通常是水),并加压至规定的试验压力。这种方法比气动试验更受欢迎,因为它需要释放的能量更少,即使发生破裂,也更加安全。

The hydrostatic test, or hydrotest, is a cornerstone of safety in industries dealing with pressurized systems. The procedure involves completely filling the component with a liquid, ensuring all air is purged, and then using a to increase the pressure to the required test level, which is always significantly higher than the maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP). The pressure is held for a predetermined duration while the vessel is inspected for leaks or permanent changes in shape. The safety advantage of using a liquid like water is rooted in its low compressibility. If the vessel fails and ruptures, the pressurized liquid will only expand slightly, resulting in a rapid pressure drop and a simple leak. In contrast, a compressed gas (as in a pneumatic test) stores a vast amount of potential energy. A rupture during a pneumatic test would lead to a violent, explosive release of this energy, propelling shrapnel and creating a dangerous blast wave. The energy stored in compressed water is orders of magnitude less than that stored in air at the same pressure.

The test not only checks for leaks but also serves as a proof test for the vessel’s structural integrity. Any plastic deformation detected after the pressure is released (e.g., by measuring the volume of water displaced before and after the test) indicates that the material has yielded, and the component is rejected. This ensures that the vessel can withstand pressure spikes without failing.

UNESCO Nomenclature: 3322
- 材料科学

类型

Engineering Test Method

中断

实质性

使用方法

广泛使用

前体

  • 蒸汽机的发明和随后的锅炉技术
  • understanding of fluid 力学 and pressure (pascal’s principle)
  • 压力表和泵的开发
  • early boiler explosion incidents driving the need for safety 法规

应用

  • 气瓶测试(水肺、医疗、工业)
  • 石油和天然气管道完整性测试
  • 锅炉和热交换器认证
  • 管道系统泄漏测试
  • 验证 of fire extinguisher casings

专利:

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Related to: hydrostatic test, hydrotest, pressure vessel, proof test, safety, incompressible fluid, boiler, 气瓶, pipeline, leak detection.

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